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Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 18797 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. He is known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society. Forster's humanistic impulse toward understanding and sympathy may be aptly summed up in the epigraph to his 1910 novel ''Howards End'': "Only connect ... ". His 1908 novel, ''A Room with a View'', is his most optimistic work, while ''A Passage to India'' (1924) brought him his greatest success. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 13 different years. ==Early years== Forster was born into an Anglo-Irish and Welsh middle-class family at 6 Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London NW1, in a building that no longer exists. He was the only child of Alice Clara "Lily" (née Whichelo) and Edward Morgan Llewellyn Forster, an architect. His name was officially registered as Henry Morgan Forster, but at his baptism he was accidentally named Edward Morgan Forster.〔Moffatt, p. 26〕 To distinguish him from his father, he was always called Morgan. His father died of tuberculosis on 30 October 1880, before Morgan's second birthday.〔(AP Central – English Literature Author: E. M. Forster ). Apcentral.collegeboard.com (18 January 2012). Retrieved on 10 June 2012.〕 Among Forster's ancestors were members of the Clapham Sect, a social reform group within the Church of England. He inherited £8,000 (£}} as of ) from his paternal great-aunt Marianne Thornton (daughter of the abolitionist Henry Thornton), who died on 5 November 1887. The money was enough to live on and enabled him to become a writer. He attended Tonbridge School in Kent, as a day boy. The theatre at the school has been named in his honour. At King's College, Cambridge, between 1897 and 1901, he became a member of a discussion society known as the Apostles (formally named the Cambridge ''Conversazione'' Society). Many of its members went on to constitute what came to be known as the Bloomsbury Group, of which Forster was a peripheral member in the 1910s and 1920s. There is a famous recreation of Forster's Cambridge at the beginning of ''The Longest Journey''. The Schlegel sisters of ''Howards End'' are based to some degree on Vanessa and Virginia Stephens. After leaving university, he travelled in continental Europe with his mother. In 1914, he visited Egypt, Germany and India with the classicist Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, by which time he had written all but one of his novels.〔Lionel Trilling, (''E. M. Forster'', p. 114 )〕 In the First World War, as a conscientious objector, Forster volunteered for the International Red Cross, and served in Alexandria, Egypt. Forster spent a second spell in India in the early 1920s as the private secretary to Tukojirao III, the Maharajah of Dewas. ''The Hill of Devi'' is his non-fictional account of this period. After returning to London from India, he completed his last novel, ''A Passage to India'' (1924), for which he won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. He also edited Eliza Fay's (1756–1816) letters from India, in an edition first published in 1925.〔''Original Letters from India'' (New York: NYRB, 2010 ()). ISBN 978-1-59017-336-7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「E. M. Forster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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